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TOBI aboard the R / V Marion Dufresne (French version)

The TOBI (Towed Ocean Bottom Instrument) is based at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton (United Kingdom). This instrument allows for very detailed cartographic surveys in very deep areas. It uses a hybrid technology of sidescan sonar and bathymetry to produce images of the underwater terrain of high quality. Scientists from many countries TOBI use in research programs led by government agencies, research institutes or private companies. TOBI can be implemented to depths of 6000m and has a side-scan sonar (30kHz) High resolution (up to 3m), which allows us to image a strip of 6 km wide on the bottom with a possibility of obtain bathymetric data. TOBI has many instruments as a sediment sounder (6-10 kHz) that allows us to image the sediment to a depth of up to 70 m with a resolution metric. A CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth), a magnetometer 3 components, a nephelometer measuring turbidity, and some other more specific instruments for biology and chemistry of water complete the system.

The weight of TOBI is about 2.5 tons on land but floats in water with foam flotation. His ability to board equipment is 400 kg and its open architecture allows easy to add additional instruments. The power control and signal is collected via a single coaxial cable inside a steel cable over 10 km long (the ratio between the length of cable spun and depth of TOBI in operation is of the order of 1.6 to 1).

The TOBI is driven by its technical team (from left to right: Duncan, Dave & Andy). TOBI is when the water is his driving is 24 24 and 7 / 7 work with quarters (with interval 2x4H 8H). The operators' tasks is to monitor control parameters TOBI and maintain its optimal depth (350 - 600 meters from the bottom depending on the roughness of the underwater terrain) with a speed boat that should not exceed 1.5 to 3.0 knots (depending on the length of cable spun in water). Control the position of TOBI is only through the cable length and spun the boat speed.

Data from the two sidescan sonar (port and starboard) are corrected for geometric distortion before being viewed on a high resolution screen (2nd left) and a thermal printer (below) . The sonar sediment are directly visualized on a screen (first left) and indicates both the altitude TOBI above the bottom and can see the sedimentary layers. The data values of other sensors are displayed on two screens (1st & 2nd right) to facilitate the navigation of TOBI and check the status of the instruments.

All data is stored on magneto-optical disks are then archived onto CD / DVDs. These data can be replayed on board to produce georeferenced image mosaics
the study area. These images can then be processed on earth more powerful workstations.

A typical final product is shown below (volcanic debris flows from the island of Stromboli, TOBI campaign on board R / V Urania in 1998). Each band TOBI is 6 km wide. We can see here 2 and a half bands that succeed from East to West to map all of volcanic debris flows (light) that can extend up to 12 km.